TY - JOUR
T1 - Criteria for the diagnosis of cardiogenic shock-European perspective
T2 - A Clinical Consensus Statement of the Association for Acute CardioVascular Care, the Heart Failure Association, and the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions of the ESC
AU - Lim, Hoong Sern
AU - Tycinska, Agnieszka
AU - Delmas, Clement
AU - Moller, Jacob Eifer
AU - Pöss, Janine
AU - Stoppe, Christian
AU - Vandenbriele, Christophe
AU - Thiele, Holger
AU - Huber, Kurt
AU - Ahrens, Ingo
AU - Hassager, Christian
AU - Chioncel, Ovidiu
AU - Metra, Marco
AU - Pagnesi, Matteo
AU - Kuliczkowski, Wiktor
AU - Cikes, Maja
AU - van Laake, Linda W
AU - Sionis, Alessandro
AU - Iannaccone, Mario
AU - Manzo-Silberman, Stephane
AU - Pappalardo, Federico
AU - Price, Susanna
AU - Lüscher, Thomas F
AU - Schrage, Benedikt
N1 - © The Author(s) 2026. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact [email protected] for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact [email protected].
PY - 2026/8
Y1 - 2026/8
N2 - Cardiogenic shock is a complex clinical syndrome with a high mortality risk. As heterogeneity of patient presentation is high and diagnosis not standardized, a timely diagnosis and thus initiation of treatment are oftentimes not achieved, further worsening the prognosis of affected patients. We therefore propose standardized criteria for the diagnosis of cardiogenic shock, based on three essential pillars: (i) an evidence of end-organ hypoperfusion at rest, (ii) which is primarily caused by haemodynamic abnormalities and a direct consequence of (iii) an underlying cardiac dysfunction commensurate with the state of shock.
AB - Cardiogenic shock is a complex clinical syndrome with a high mortality risk. As heterogeneity of patient presentation is high and diagnosis not standardized, a timely diagnosis and thus initiation of treatment are oftentimes not achieved, further worsening the prognosis of affected patients. We therefore propose standardized criteria for the diagnosis of cardiogenic shock, based on three essential pillars: (i) an evidence of end-organ hypoperfusion at rest, (ii) which is primarily caused by haemodynamic abnormalities and a direct consequence of (iii) an underlying cardiac dysfunction commensurate with the state of shock.
KW - Humans
KW - Shock, Cardiogenic/diagnosis
KW - Europe
KW - Societies, Medical
KW - Prognosis
U2 - 10.1093/ehjacc/zuag100
DO - 10.1093/ehjacc/zuag100
M3 - Review article
C2 - 42667225
SN - 2048-8726
VL - 15
SP - 634
EP - 648
JO - European heart journal. Acute cardiovascular care
JF - European heart journal. Acute cardiovascular care
IS - 8
ER -