Course of SP-D, YKL-40, CCL18 and CA 15-3 in adult patients hospitalised with community-acquired pneumonia and their association with disease severity and aetiology: A post-hoc analysis

BACKGROUND AND AIM: SP-D, YKL-40, CCL18 and CA 15-3 are pulmonary markers that have been extensively investigated in different chronic pulmonary diseases. However, in acute pulmonary diseases, such as community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), little is known about the course of these markers and their relationship with the aetiological agent. The aim of this study was to investigate the course of these four markers in CAP and to study influence of disease severity, aetiology and antibiotic use prior to admission on their course.

METHODS: We included 291 adult patients hospitalised with CAP and 20 healthy controls. Measurements were performed in serum of day 0, 2, and 4, and at least 30 days after admission.

RESULTS: Our most important results were: 1) At all time-points, including 30 days after admission, YKL-40 and CCL18 levels were higher in CAP patients compared to healthy controls; and 2) Patients with CAP caused by an intracellular, atypical bacterium had lower YKL-40 and especially CCL18 levels on and during admission in comparison with other or unknown CAP aetiology.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that these pulmonary markers could be useful to assess CAP severity and, especially YKL-40 and CCL18 by helping predict CAP caused by atypical pathogens.