@article{5780448660e74bf785dad99282b306aa,
title = "Colony-Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor (CSF1R) Regulates Microglia Density and Distribution, but Not Microglia Differentiation In Vivo",
abstract = "Microglia are brain-resident macrophages with trophic and phagocytic functions. Dominant loss-of-function mutations in a key microglia regulator, colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), cause adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP), a progressive white matter disorder. Because it remains unclear precisely how CSF1R mutations affect microglia, we generated an allelic series of csf1r mutants in zebrafish to identify csf1r-dependent microglia changes. We found that csf1r mutations led to aberrant microglia density and distribution and regional loss of microglia. The remaining microglia still had a microglia-specific gene expression signature, indicating that they had differentiated normally. Strikingly, we also observed lower microglia numbers and widespread microglia depletion in postmortem brain tissue of ALSP patients. Both in zebrafish and in human disease, local microglia loss also presented in regions without obvious pathology. Together, this implies that CSF1R mainly regulates microglia density and that early loss of microglia may contribute to ALSP pathogenesis. Oosterhof et al. show that colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) primarily regulates microglia density and not their normal differentiation. In addition, they find widespread depletion of microglia in CSF1R-haploinsufficient zebrafish and leukodystrophy patients, also in the absence of pathology, indicating that microglia depletion may contribute to loss of white matter.",
keywords = "ALSP, colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor, CSF1R, HDLS, leukodystrophy, macrophages, microglia, neurodegeneration, transcriptomics, zebrafish",
author = "Nynke Oosterhof and Kuil, {Laura E.} and {van der Linde}, {Herma C.} and Burm, {Saskia M.} and Woutje Berdowski and {van Ijcken}, {Wilfred F.J.} and {van Swieten}, {John C.} and Hol, {Elly M.} and Verheijen, {Mark H.G.} and {van Ham}, {Tjakko J.}",
note = "Funding Information: This work was sponsored by an Erasmus University Rotterdam fellowship, a ZonMW VENI grant (016.136.150), a Marie Curie Career Integration grant (322368), and an Alzheimer Nederland fellowship (WE.15-2012-01) (to T.J.v.H.) and an MKMD ZonMW grant (to E.M.H.). We thank Dr. B. Giepmans and A. Wolters (UMC Groningen) for advice regarding electron microscopy, T. van Gestel and Dr. G. Schaaf (Erasmus MC) for help with flow cytometry, the Netherlands Brain Bank for human brain tissue (coordinator Dr. I. Huitinga, Amsterdam, the Netherlands), and J. Wortel (VUMC) for her contribution to electron microscopy preparations. Funding Information: This work was sponsored by an Erasmus University Rotterdam fellowship, a ZonMW VENI grant ( 016.136.150 ), a Marie Curie Career Integration grant ( 322368 ), and an Alzheimer Nederland fellowship ( WE.15-2012-01 ) (to T.J.v.H.) and an MKMD ZonMW grant (to E.M.H.). We thank Dr. B. Giepmans and A. Wolters (UMC Groningen) for advice regarding electron microscopy, T. van Gestel and Dr. G. Schaaf (Erasmus MC) for help with flow cytometry, the Netherlands Brain Bank for human brain tissue (coordinator Dr. I. Huitinga, Amsterdam, the Netherlands), and J. Wortel (VUMC) for her contribution to electron microscopy preparations. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 The Author(s)",
year = "2018",
month = jul,
day = "31",
doi = "10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.113",
language = "English",
volume = "24",
pages = "1203--1217.e6",
journal = "Cell Reports",
issn = "2211-1247",
publisher = "Cell Press",
number = "5",
}