TY - JOUR
T1 - Cognitive functioning in late life affective disorders
T2 - Comparing older adults with bipolar disorder, late life depression and healthy controls
AU - Orhan, Melis
AU - Schouws, Sigfried
AU - van Oppen, Patricia
AU - Stek, Max
AU - Naarding, Paul
AU - Rhebergen, Didi
AU - Dols, Annemieke
AU - Korten, Nicole
N1 - Funding Information:
The infrastructure for NESDO is funded through the Fonds NutsOhra , Stichting tot Steun VCVGZ , NARSAD The Brain and Behaviour Research Fund, and the participating universities and mental health care organizations ( VU University Medical Center , Leiden University Medical Center , University Medical Center Groningen , Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center , and GGZ inGeest , GGNet , GGZ Nijmegen , GGZ Rivierduinen , Lentis , and Parnassia ).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2023/1/1
Y1 - 2023/1/1
N2 - INTRODUCTION: Both older age bipolar disorder (OABD) and late life depression (LLD) have been associated with cognitive dysfunction. It is unclear how cognitive functioning differs between these disorders and what the influence of current depressive symptoms is.METHODS: We compared OABD (n = 148), LLD (n = 378) and healthy controls (HC) (n = 132) on cognitive functioning. Cognitive functioning was measured by an extensive neuropsychological assessment, and divided into four domains: episodic memory, processing speed, interference inhibition and working memory. Separate linear regression analyses were conducted with OABD as reference category, controlling for age, gender, level of education and severity of depressive symptoms.RESULTS: Our findings show that OABD and LLD patients exhibit more cognitive dysfunction than HC, with OABD showing worst cognitive functioning on all cognitive domains, except for interference inhibition. These differences remained significant, even after controlling for the effect of depressive symptoms at the time of testing.DISCUSSION: Our findings suggest that cognitive dysfunction in OABD is more severe in magnitude albeit in the same domains as in LLD. This difference cannot be fully explained by the severity of depressive symptoms. Future research should focus on other disease characteristics and how these characteristics are associated with the complex concept of cognitive functioning in both OABD and LLD.
AB - INTRODUCTION: Both older age bipolar disorder (OABD) and late life depression (LLD) have been associated with cognitive dysfunction. It is unclear how cognitive functioning differs between these disorders and what the influence of current depressive symptoms is.METHODS: We compared OABD (n = 148), LLD (n = 378) and healthy controls (HC) (n = 132) on cognitive functioning. Cognitive functioning was measured by an extensive neuropsychological assessment, and divided into four domains: episodic memory, processing speed, interference inhibition and working memory. Separate linear regression analyses were conducted with OABD as reference category, controlling for age, gender, level of education and severity of depressive symptoms.RESULTS: Our findings show that OABD and LLD patients exhibit more cognitive dysfunction than HC, with OABD showing worst cognitive functioning on all cognitive domains, except for interference inhibition. These differences remained significant, even after controlling for the effect of depressive symptoms at the time of testing.DISCUSSION: Our findings suggest that cognitive dysfunction in OABD is more severe in magnitude albeit in the same domains as in LLD. This difference cannot be fully explained by the severity of depressive symptoms. Future research should focus on other disease characteristics and how these characteristics are associated with the complex concept of cognitive functioning in both OABD and LLD.
KW - Aged
KW - Bipolar Disorder/psychology
KW - Cognition
KW - Cognition Disorders/psychology
KW - Depression/epidemiology
KW - Humans
KW - Mood Disorders
KW - Neuropsychological Tests
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85139641022
U2 - 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.127
DO - 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.127
M3 - Article
C2 - 36202302
SN - 0165-0327
VL - 320
SP - 468
EP - 473
JO - Journal of Affective Disorders
JF - Journal of Affective Disorders
ER -