TY - JOUR
T1 - Cloud-processed 4D CMR flow imaging for pulmonary flow quantification
AU - Chelu, Raluca G.
AU - Wanambiro, Kevin W.
AU - Hsiao, Albert
AU - Swart, Laurens E.
AU - Voogd, Teun
AU - van den Hoven, Allard T.
AU - van Kranenburg, Matthijs
AU - Coenen, Adriaan
AU - Boccalini, Sara
AU - Wielopolski, Piotr A.
AU - Vogel, Mika W.
AU - Krestin, Gabriel P.
AU - Vasanawala, Shreyas S.
AU - Budde, Ricardo P J
AU - Roos-Hesselink, Jolien W.
AU - Nieman, Koen
PY - 2016/10/1
Y1 - 2016/10/1
N2 - Objectives In this study, we evaluated a cloud-based platform for cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) four-dimensional (4D) flow imaging, with fully integrated correction for eddy currents, Maxwell phase effects, and gradient field non-linearity, to quantify forward flow, regurgitation, and peak systolic velocity over the pulmonary artery. Methods We prospectively recruited 52 adult patients during one-year period from July 2014. The 4D flow and planar (2D) phase-contrast (PC) were acquired during same scanning session, but 4D flow was scanned after injection of a gadolinium-based contrast agent. Eddy-currents were semi-automatically corrected using the web-based software. Flow over pulmonary valve was measured and the 4D flow values were compared against the 2D PC ones. Results The mean forward flow was 92 (±30) ml/cycle measured with 4D flow and 86 (±29) ml/cycle measured with 2D PC, with a correlation of 0.82 and a mean difference of −6 ml/cycle (−41–29). For the regurgitant fraction the correlation was 0.85 with a mean difference of −0.95% (−17–15). Mean peak systolic velocity measured with 4D flow was 92 (±49) cm/s and 108 (±56) cm/s with 2D PC, having a correlation of 0.93 and a mean difference of 16 cm/s (−24–55). Conclusion 4D flow imaging post-processed with an integrated cloud-based application accurately quantifies pulmonary flow. However, it may underestimate the peak systolic velocity.
AB - Objectives In this study, we evaluated a cloud-based platform for cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) four-dimensional (4D) flow imaging, with fully integrated correction for eddy currents, Maxwell phase effects, and gradient field non-linearity, to quantify forward flow, regurgitation, and peak systolic velocity over the pulmonary artery. Methods We prospectively recruited 52 adult patients during one-year period from July 2014. The 4D flow and planar (2D) phase-contrast (PC) were acquired during same scanning session, but 4D flow was scanned after injection of a gadolinium-based contrast agent. Eddy-currents were semi-automatically corrected using the web-based software. Flow over pulmonary valve was measured and the 4D flow values were compared against the 2D PC ones. Results The mean forward flow was 92 (±30) ml/cycle measured with 4D flow and 86 (±29) ml/cycle measured with 2D PC, with a correlation of 0.82 and a mean difference of −6 ml/cycle (−41–29). For the regurgitant fraction the correlation was 0.85 with a mean difference of −0.95% (−17–15). Mean peak systolic velocity measured with 4D flow was 92 (±49) cm/s and 108 (±56) cm/s with 2D PC, having a correlation of 0.93 and a mean difference of 16 cm/s (−24–55). Conclusion 4D flow imaging post-processed with an integrated cloud-based application accurately quantifies pulmonary flow. However, it may underestimate the peak systolic velocity.
KW - 4D CMR flow imaging
KW - Eddy current correction
KW - Flow visualization
KW - Phase contrast
KW - Pulmonary regurgitant fraction
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84983546567&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ejrad.2016.07.018
DO - 10.1016/j.ejrad.2016.07.018
M3 - Article
C2 - 27666627
AN - SCOPUS:84983546567
SN - 0720-048X
VL - 85
SP - 1849
EP - 1856
JO - European Journal of Radiology
JF - European Journal of Radiology
IS - 10
ER -