Clinical characteristics and survival patterns of subsequent sarcoma, breast cancer, and melanoma after childhood cancer in the DCOG-LATER cohort

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Abstract

Purpose: Childhood cancer survivors are at increased risk of developing subsequent malignant neoplasms (SMNs). We compared survival and clinical characteristics of survivors with SMNs (sarcoma, breast cancer, or melanoma) and a population-based sample of similar first malignant neoplasm (FMN) patients. Methods: We assembled three case series of solid SMNs observed in a cohort of 5-year Dutch childhood cancer survivors diagnosed 1963–2001 and followed until 2014: sarcoma (n = 45), female breast cancer (n = 41), and melanoma (n = 17). Each SMN patient was sex-, age-, and calendar year-matched to 10 FMN patients in the population-based Netherlands Cancer Registry. We compared clinical and histopathological characteristics by Fisher’s exact tests and survival by multivariable Cox regression and competing risk regression analyses. Results: Among sarcoma-SMN patients, overall survival [hazard ratio (HR) 1.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.23–2.87] and sarcoma-specific mortality (HR 1.91, 95% CI 1.16–3.13) were significantly worse compared to sarcoma-FMN patients (foremost for soft-tissue sarcoma), with 15-year survival rates of 30.8% and 61.6%, respectively. Overall survival did not significantly differ for breast-SMN versus breast-FMN patients (HR 1.14, 95% CI 0.54–2.37), nor for melanoma-SMN versus melanoma-FMN patients (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.10–5.00). No significant differences in tumor characteristics were observed between breast-SMN and breast-FMN patients. Breast-SMN patients were treated more often with mastectomy without radiotherapy/chemotherapy compared to breast-FMN patients (17.1% vs. 5.6%). Conclusions: Survival of sarcoma-SMN patients is worse than sarcoma-FMN patients. Although survival and tumor characteristics appear similar for breast-SMN and breast-FMN patients, treatment differs; breast-SMN patients less often receive breast-conserving therapy. Larger studies are necessary to substantiate these exploratory findings.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)909-922
Number of pages14
JournalCancer Causes and Control
Volume30
Issue number9
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Sept 2019

Keywords

  • Childhood cancer survivors
  • Epidemiology
  • Long-term complications
  • Subsequent malignant neoplasm
  • Survival
  • Cancer Survivors
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Melanoma/epidemiology
  • Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology
  • Skin Neoplasms/epidemiology
  • Netherlands
  • Survival Analysis
  • Adult
  • Female
  • Neoplasms, Second Primary/epidemiology
  • Child
  • Cohort Studies
  • Sarcoma/epidemiology

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