TY - JOUR
T1 - Challenges and directions in studying cell–cell communication by extracellular vesicles
AU - van Niel, Guillaume
AU - Carter, David R.F.
AU - Clayton, Aled
AU - Lambert, Daniel W.
AU - Raposo, Graça
AU - Vader, Pieter
N1 - Funding Information:
The work of G.v.N. and A.C. is supported by proEVLifeCycle funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 860303. The work of G.v.N. is also supported by the Fondation ARC (#PGA1RF20190208474). D.R.F.C. was supported by the BBSRC (BB/P006205/1). G.R. is supported by Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale Espoirs de la Recherche (FRM 2020-2023), CNRS and Institut Curie. P.V. acknowledges support from the European Research Council (ERC) (ERC Starting grant OBSERVE #851936) and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) (NWO Vidi grant #18367).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, Springer Nature Limited.
PY - 2022/5
Y1 - 2022/5
N2 - Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly recognized as important mediators of intercellular communication. They have important roles in numerous physiological and pathological processes, and show considerable promise as novel biomarkers of disease, as therapeutic agents and as drug delivery vehicles. Intriguingly, however, understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern the many observed functions of EVs remains far from comprehensive, at least partly due to technical challenges in working with these small messengers. Here, we highlight areas of consensus as well as contentious issues in our understanding of the intracellular and intercellular journey of EVs: from biogenesis, release and dynamics in the extracellular space, to interaction with and uptake by recipient cells. We define knowledge gaps, identify key questions and challenges, and make recommendations on how to address these.
AB - Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly recognized as important mediators of intercellular communication. They have important roles in numerous physiological and pathological processes, and show considerable promise as novel biomarkers of disease, as therapeutic agents and as drug delivery vehicles. Intriguingly, however, understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern the many observed functions of EVs remains far from comprehensive, at least partly due to technical challenges in working with these small messengers. Here, we highlight areas of consensus as well as contentious issues in our understanding of the intracellular and intercellular journey of EVs: from biogenesis, release and dynamics in the extracellular space, to interaction with and uptake by recipient cells. We define knowledge gaps, identify key questions and challenges, and make recommendations on how to address these.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85126136168&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/s41580-022-00460-3
DO - 10.1038/s41580-022-00460-3
M3 - Article
C2 - 35260831
AN - SCOPUS:85126136168
SN - 1471-0072
VL - 23
SP - 369
EP - 382
JO - Nature reviews molecular cell biology
JF - Nature reviews molecular cell biology
IS - 5
ER -