Central Venous Catheter-related Bloodstream Infections Caused by Enterobacterales in Pediatric Oncology Patients: Catheter Salvage or Removal

Ceder H. Van Den Bosch*, Aranka L. Kops, Yvette G.T. Loeffen, Alida F.W. Van Der Steeg, Marianne D. Van De Wetering, Marta F. Fiocco, Miquel B. Ekkelenkamp, Tom F.W. Wolfs

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

Abstract

Background: The aim was to determine whether salvage treatment with systemic antibiotics is a safe and effective strategy for Enterobacterales bloodstream infections (BSI) in pediatric oncology patients with a central venous catheter (CVC). Methods: A retrospective study was performed on oncology and stem cell recipient patients with a CVC and blood culture with Enterobacterales, at the Princess Máxima Centre for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands. Analyses were performed for all BSI and for episodes meeting central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) criteria. The cumulative incidence of an event (ie, removal, intensive care admission or death) was estimated after blood culture collection for episodes primarily treated with antibiotics. The effect of prognostic factors on the hazard of the event of interest was assessed by estimating a Cox proportional hazard regression model. Results: In total, 95 CVC-related Enterobacterales BSIs in 82 patients were included; 12 (13%) BSIs required immediate CVC removal and for 83 (87%) BSIs CVC salvage was attempted. The cumulative incidence of events at 60 days was 53.0% [95% confidence interval (CI): 41.7-63.1] for BSIs (n = 83), and 64.4% (95% CI: 48.3-76.7) for CLABSIs (n = 45). The events occurred after a median of 6 (Q1-Q3: 2-15) and 6 (Q1-Q3: 2-20) days for BSIs and CLABSIs, respectively. Intensive care admission after salvage treatment was required in 16% of the BSIs and CLABSIs, resulting in death in 5% and 2% of cases, respectively. No significant association between risk factors and events was found. Conclusions: The cumulative incidence of an event at 60 days after salvage treatment for Enterobacterales CLABSIs and BSIs in pediatric oncology patients is high. Immediate CVC removal appears recommendable for this patient group.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)49-55
Number of pages7
JournalPediatric Infectious Disease Journal
Volume43
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Jan 2024

Keywords

  • central venous catheter
  • Enterobacterales
  • infections
  • pediatric oncology

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