TY - JOUR
T1 - Case-control study on the interplay between immunoparalysis and delirium after cardiac surgery
AU - CheheiliSobbi, Shokoufeh
AU - Peters van Ton, Annemieke M
AU - Wesselink, Esther M
AU - Looije, Marjolein F
AU - Gerretsen, Jelle
AU - Morshuis, Wim J
AU - Slooter, Arjen J C
AU - Abdo, Wilson F
AU - Pickkers, Peter
AU - van den Boogaard, Mark
N1 - Funding Information:
Dr. W.F. Abdo and this study were supported by a research grant from the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw Clinical Fellowship Grant 90715610). This funding agency had no role in design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s).
PY - 2021/8/23
Y1 - 2021/8/23
N2 - BACKGROUND: Delirium occurs frequently following cardiothoracic surgery, and infectious disease is an important risk factor for delirium. Surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass induce suppression of the immune response known as immunoparalysis. We aimed to investigate whether delirious patients had more pronounced immunoparalysis following cardiothoracic surgery than patients without delirium, to explain this delirium-infection association.METHODS: A prospective matched case-control study was performed in two university hospitals. Cytokine production (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and IL-10) of ex vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated whole blood was analyzed in on-pump cardiothoracic surgery patients preoperatively, and at 5 timepoints up to 3 days after cardiothoracic surgery. Delirium was assessed by trained staff using two validated delirium scales and chart review.RESULTS: A total of 89 patients were screened of whom 14 delirious and 52 non-delirious patients were included. Ex vivo-stimulated production of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 was severely suppressed following cardiothoracic surgery compared to pre-surgery. Postoperative release of cytokines in non-delirious patients was attenuated by 84% [IQR: 13-93] for TNF-α, 95% [IQR: 78-98] for IL-6, and 69% [IQR: 55-81] for IL-10. The attenuation in ex vivo-stimulated production of these cytokines was not significantly different in patients with delirium compared to non-delirious patients (p > 0.10 for all cytokines).CONCLUSIONS: The post-operative attenuation of ex vivo-stimulated production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines was comparable between patients that developed delirium and those who remained delirium-free after on-pump cardiothoracic surgery. This finding suggests that immunoparalysis is not more common in cardiothoracic surgery patients with delirium compared to those without.
AB - BACKGROUND: Delirium occurs frequently following cardiothoracic surgery, and infectious disease is an important risk factor for delirium. Surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass induce suppression of the immune response known as immunoparalysis. We aimed to investigate whether delirious patients had more pronounced immunoparalysis following cardiothoracic surgery than patients without delirium, to explain this delirium-infection association.METHODS: A prospective matched case-control study was performed in two university hospitals. Cytokine production (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and IL-10) of ex vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated whole blood was analyzed in on-pump cardiothoracic surgery patients preoperatively, and at 5 timepoints up to 3 days after cardiothoracic surgery. Delirium was assessed by trained staff using two validated delirium scales and chart review.RESULTS: A total of 89 patients were screened of whom 14 delirious and 52 non-delirious patients were included. Ex vivo-stimulated production of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 was severely suppressed following cardiothoracic surgery compared to pre-surgery. Postoperative release of cytokines in non-delirious patients was attenuated by 84% [IQR: 13-93] for TNF-α, 95% [IQR: 78-98] for IL-6, and 69% [IQR: 55-81] for IL-10. The attenuation in ex vivo-stimulated production of these cytokines was not significantly different in patients with delirium compared to non-delirious patients (p > 0.10 for all cytokines).CONCLUSIONS: The post-operative attenuation of ex vivo-stimulated production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines was comparable between patients that developed delirium and those who remained delirium-free after on-pump cardiothoracic surgery. This finding suggests that immunoparalysis is not more common in cardiothoracic surgery patients with delirium compared to those without.
KW - Cardiothoracic surgery
KW - Cytokines
KW - Delirium
KW - Immunity
KW - Intensive care medicine
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85113797552&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1186/s13019-021-01627-3
DO - 10.1186/s13019-021-01627-3
M3 - Article
C2 - 34425856
SN - 1749-8090
VL - 16
SP - 1
EP - 6
JO - Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery
JF - Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery
IS - 1
M1 - 239
ER -