TY - JOUR
T1 - Cardiovascular Risk Factor Burden and Association With CKD in Ghana and Nigeria
AU - Olanrewaju, Timothy O.
AU - Osafo, Charlotte
AU - Raji, Yemi R.
AU - Mamven, Manmak
AU - Ajayi, Samuel
AU - Ilori, Titilayo O.
AU - Arogundade, Fatiu A.
AU - Ulasi, Ifeoma I.
AU - Gbadegesin, Rasheed
AU - Parekh, Rulan S.
AU - Tayo, Bamidele
AU - Adeyemo, Adebowale A.
AU - Adedoyin, Olanrewaju T.
AU - Chijioke, Adindu A.
AU - Bewaji, Clement
AU - Grobbee, Diederick E.
AU - Blankestijn, Peter J.
AU - Klipstein-Grobusch, Kerstin
AU - Salako, Babatunde L.
AU - Adu, Dwomoa
AU - Ojo, Akinlolu O.
N1 - Funding Information:
The research was funded by the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), (U01 DK107131), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA. The University Medical Center Utrecht (and Utrecht University), The Netherlands through her global health scholar program funded TOO and this publication as part of requiremements for a PhD award. TOI is funded by the NIH/NIDDK- (DK119542). The authors acknowledge the members of the H3Africa Kidney Disease Research network for their efforts, and the participants for their contributions to the study. The preliminary data of the manuscript were presented at the 2018 ASN kidney week held in San Diego, CA, on October 23-28. The abstract (TH-PO444) was published in the JASN abstract supplement (J Am Soc Nephrol 29, 2018: 232).
Funding Information:
The research was funded by the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), ( U01 DK107131 ), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA. The University Medical Center Utrecht (and Utrecht University), The Netherlands through her global health scholar program funded TOO and this publication as part of requiremements for a PhD award. TOI is funded by the NIH/NIDDK- (DK119542). The authors acknowledge the members of the H3Africa Kidney Disease Research network for their efforts, and the participants for their contributions to the study. The preliminary data of the manuscript were presented at the 2018 ASN kidney week held in San Diego, CA, on October 23-28. The abstract (TH-PO444) was published in the JASN abstract supplement (J Am Soc Nephrol 29, 2018: 232).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 International Society of Nephrology
PY - 2023/3/1
Y1 - 2023/3/1
N2 - INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, the burden of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with CKD in Africa is not well characterized. We determined the prevalence of selected cardiovascular risk factors, and association with CKD in the Human Heredity for Health in Africa Kidney Disease Research Network study.METHODS: We recruited patients with and without CKD in Ghana and Nigeria. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate of <60 ml/min per 1.73 m
2 and/or albuminuria as albumin-to-creatinine ratio <3.0 mg/mmol (<30 mg/g) for ≥3 months. We assessed self-reported (physician-diagnosis and/or use of medication) hypertension, diabetes, and elevated cholesterol; and self-reported smoking as cardiovascular risk factors. Association between the risk factors and CKD was determined by multivariate logistic regression.
RESULTS: We enrolled 8396 participants (cases with CKD, 3956), with 56% females. The mean age (45.5 ± 15.1 years) did not differ between patients and control group. The prevalence of hypertension (59%), diabetes (20%), and elevated cholesterol (9.9%), was higher in CKD patients than in the control participants (
P < 0.001). Prevalence of risk factors was higher in Ghana than in Nigeria. Hypertension (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.69 [1.43-2.01,
P < 0.001]), elevated cholesterol (aOR = 2.0 [1.39-2.86,
P < 0.001]), age >50 years, and body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m
2 were independently associated with CKD. The association of diabetes and smoking with CKD was modified by other risk factors.
CONCLUSION: Cardiovascular risk factors are prevalent in middle-aged adult patients with CKD in Ghana and Nigeria, with higher proportions in Ghana than in Nigeria. Hypertension, elevated cholesterol, and underweight were independently associated with CKD.
AB - INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, the burden of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with CKD in Africa is not well characterized. We determined the prevalence of selected cardiovascular risk factors, and association with CKD in the Human Heredity for Health in Africa Kidney Disease Research Network study.METHODS: We recruited patients with and without CKD in Ghana and Nigeria. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate of <60 ml/min per 1.73 m
2 and/or albuminuria as albumin-to-creatinine ratio <3.0 mg/mmol (<30 mg/g) for ≥3 months. We assessed self-reported (physician-diagnosis and/or use of medication) hypertension, diabetes, and elevated cholesterol; and self-reported smoking as cardiovascular risk factors. Association between the risk factors and CKD was determined by multivariate logistic regression.
RESULTS: We enrolled 8396 participants (cases with CKD, 3956), with 56% females. The mean age (45.5 ± 15.1 years) did not differ between patients and control group. The prevalence of hypertension (59%), diabetes (20%), and elevated cholesterol (9.9%), was higher in CKD patients than in the control participants (
P < 0.001). Prevalence of risk factors was higher in Ghana than in Nigeria. Hypertension (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.69 [1.43-2.01,
P < 0.001]), elevated cholesterol (aOR = 2.0 [1.39-2.86,
P < 0.001]), age >50 years, and body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m
2 were independently associated with CKD. The association of diabetes and smoking with CKD was modified by other risk factors.
CONCLUSION: Cardiovascular risk factors are prevalent in middle-aged adult patients with CKD in Ghana and Nigeria, with higher proportions in Ghana than in Nigeria. Hypertension, elevated cholesterol, and underweight were independently associated with CKD.
KW - Africa
KW - cardiovascular risk factors
KW - cholesterol
KW - chronic kidney disease
KW - diabetes
KW - hypertension
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85149798197
U2 - 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.11.021
DO - 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.11.021
M3 - Article
C2 - 36938080
SN - 2468-0249
VL - 8
SP - 658
EP - 666
JO - Kidney International Reports
JF - Kidney International Reports
IS - 3
ER -