TY - JOUR
T1 - Cancers in Australia in 2010 attributable to modifiable factors
T2 - Introduction and overview
AU - Whiteman, David C.
AU - Webb, Penelope M
AU - Green, Adele C.
AU - Neale, Rachel E
AU - Fritschi, Lin
AU - Bain, Christopher J.
AU - Parkin, D. Max
AU - Wilson, Louise F.
AU - Olsen, Catherine M.
AU - Nagle, Christina M.
AU - Pandeya, Nirmala
AU - Jordan, Susan J.
AU - Antonsson, Annika
AU - Kendall, Bradley J.
AU - Hughes, Maria Celia B.
AU - Ibiebele, Torukiri I.
AU - Miura, Kyoko
AU - Peters, Susan
AU - Carey, Renee N.
PY - 2015/10/1
Y1 - 2015/10/1
N2 - Objective: To describe the approach underpinning a national project to estimate the numbers and proportions of cancers occurring in Australia in 2010 that are attributable to modifiable causal factors. Methods: We estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF) (or prevented fraction) of cancers associated with exposure to causal (or preventive) factors using standard formulae. Where possible, we also estimated the potential impact on cancer incidence resulting from changes in prevalence of exposure. Analyses were restricted to factors declared causal by international agencies: tobacco smoke; alcohol; solar radiation; infectious agents; obesity; insufficient physical activity; insufficient intakes of fruits, vegetables and fibre; red and processed meat; menopausal hormone therapy (MHT); oral contraceptive pill (OCP); and insufficient breast feeding. Separately, we estimated numbers of cancers prevented by: aspirin; sunscreen; MHT; and OCP use. We discuss assumptions pertaining to latent periods between exposure and cancer onset, choices of prevalence data and risk estimates, and approaches to sensitivity analyses. Results: Numbers and population attributable fractions of cancer are presented in accompanying papers. Conclusions: This is the first systematic assessment of population attributable fractions of cancer in Australia.
AB - Objective: To describe the approach underpinning a national project to estimate the numbers and proportions of cancers occurring in Australia in 2010 that are attributable to modifiable causal factors. Methods: We estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF) (or prevented fraction) of cancers associated with exposure to causal (or preventive) factors using standard formulae. Where possible, we also estimated the potential impact on cancer incidence resulting from changes in prevalence of exposure. Analyses were restricted to factors declared causal by international agencies: tobacco smoke; alcohol; solar radiation; infectious agents; obesity; insufficient physical activity; insufficient intakes of fruits, vegetables and fibre; red and processed meat; menopausal hormone therapy (MHT); oral contraceptive pill (OCP); and insufficient breast feeding. Separately, we estimated numbers of cancers prevented by: aspirin; sunscreen; MHT; and OCP use. We discuss assumptions pertaining to latent periods between exposure and cancer onset, choices of prevalence data and risk estimates, and approaches to sensitivity analyses. Results: Numbers and population attributable fractions of cancer are presented in accompanying papers. Conclusions: This is the first systematic assessment of population attributable fractions of cancer in Australia.
KW - cancer
KW - population attributable fraction
KW - potential impact fraction
KW - risk factor
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84943191635&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/1753-6405.12468
DO - 10.1111/1753-6405.12468
M3 - Article
C2 - 26437722
AN - SCOPUS:84943191635
SN - 1326-0200
VL - 39
SP - 403
EP - 407
JO - Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
JF - Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
IS - 5
ER -