Body mass index and breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women with and without cardiometabolic diseases: Findings from two prospective cohort studies in Europe

  • Emma Fontvieille
  • , Anna Jansana
  • , Laia Peruchet-Noray
  • , Reynalda Córdova
  • , Quan Gan
  • , Sabina Rinaldi
  • , Laure Dossus
  • , Yahya Mahamat-Saleh
  • , Marc J Gunter
  • , Alicia Heath
  • , Dagfinn Aune
  • , Elif Inan-Eroglu
  • , Matthias B Schulze
  • , Niels Bock
  • , Christina C Dahm
  • , Carlota Castro-Espin
  • , Maria-José Sánchez
  • , Aurora Perez-Cornago
  • , Sandar Tin Tin
  • , Sabina Sieri
  • Vittorio Simeon, Fulvio Ricceri, Rosario Tumino, N Charlotte Onland-Moret, Yvonne Koop, Pietro Ferrari, Heinz Freisling*
*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Adiposity, measured by body mass index (BMI), is a known risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer. However, whether the association of BMI with breast cancer risk differs among women with and without cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) or type 2 diabetes (T2D) is uncertain.

METHODS: This study used individual participant data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) and UK Biobank (UKB) that included 168,547 postmenopausal women who were free of cancer, T2D, and CVD at recruitment. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with multivariable-adjusted Cox regression for associations between BMI and incident breast cancer by T2D and CVD status. Incidence rates per 1000 person-years and rate differences between observed and expected joint associations of adiposity and CVD or T2D for breast cancer were estimated. Study-specific estimates were meta-analyzed.

RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 10.7 years in EPIC and 10.9 years in UKB, 6793 postmenopausal women developed breast cancer. In the meta-analysis of both cohorts, BMI (per 1-SD increment, 5 kg/m2) was more strongly associated with breast cancer risk in women with CVD (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.16 to 1.47) than in women without CVD (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.16) (pinteraction = .02). T2D did not modify breast cancer risk (pinteraction = .33). The meta-analyzed joint association of overweight or obesity (BMI, ≥25 kg/m2) and CVD led to 1.53 (95% CI, 0.35 to 2.71) more cases of breast cancer per 1000 person-years than expected but no such joint association was observed with T2D.

CONCLUSIONS: Adiposity-associated risk of breast cancer was substantially higher among women with CVD as compared to those without CVD.

Original languageEnglish
Article numbere35911
JournalCancer
Volume131
Issue number14
Early online date7 Jul 2025
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 15 Jul 2025

Keywords

  • cardiovascular diseases
  • comorbidities
  • multimorbidity
  • obesity
  • postmenopausal breast cancer
  • type 2 diabetes

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