TY - JOUR
T1 - Biological membranes in EV biogenesis, stability, uptake, and cargo transfer
T2 - an ISEV position paper arising from the ISEV membranes and EVs workshop
AU - Russell, Ashley E.
AU - Sneider, Alexandra
AU - Witwer, Kenneth W.
AU - Bergese, Paolo
AU - Bhattacharyya, Suvendra N.
AU - Cocks, Alexander
AU - Cocucci, Emanuele
AU - Erdbrügger, Uta
AU - Falcon-Perez, Juan M.
AU - Freeman, David W.
AU - Gallagher, Thomas M.
AU - Hu, Shuaishuai
AU - Huang, Yiyao
AU - Jay, Steven M.
AU - Kano, Shin ichi
AU - Lavieu, Gregory
AU - Leszczynska, Aleksandra
AU - Llorente, Alicia M.
AU - Lu, Quan
AU - Mahairaki, Vasiliki
AU - Muth, Dillon C.
AU - Hooten, Nicole Noren
AU - Ostrowski, Matias
AU - Prada, Ilaria
AU - Sahoo, Susmita
AU - Schøyen, Tine Hiorth
AU - Sheng, Lifu
AU - Tesch, Deanna
AU - Van Niel, Guillaume
AU - Vandenbroucke, Roosmarijn E.
AU - Verweij, Frederik J.
AU - Villar, Ana V.
AU - Wauben, Marca
AU - Wehman, Ann M.
AU - Yin, Hang
AU - Carter, David Raul Francisco
AU - Vader, Pieter
N1 - © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group on behalf of The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles.
PY - 2019/12/1
Y1 - 2019/12/1
N2 - Paracrine and endocrine roles have increasingly been ascribed to extracellular vesicles (EVs) generated by multicellular organisms. Central to the biogenesis, content, and function of EVs are their delimiting lipid bilayer membranes. To evaluate research progress on membranes and EVs, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) conducted a workshop in March 2018 in Baltimore, Maryland, USA, bringing together key opinion leaders and hands-on researchers who were selected on the basis of submitted applications. The workshop was accompanied by two scientific surveys and covered four broad topics: EV biogenesis and release; EV uptake and fusion; technologies and strategies used to study EV membranes; and EV transfer and functional assays. In this ISEV position paper, we synthesize the results of the workshop and the related surveys to outline important outstanding questions about EV membranes and describe areas of consensus. The workshop discussions and survey responses reveal that while much progress has been made in the field, there are still several concepts that divide opinion. Good consensus exists in some areas, including particular aspects of EV biogenesis, uptake and downstream signalling. Areas with little to no consensus include EV storage and stability, as well as whether and how EVs fuse with target cells. Further research is needed in these key areas, as a better understanding of membrane biology will contribute substantially towards advancing the field of extracellular vesicles.
AB - Paracrine and endocrine roles have increasingly been ascribed to extracellular vesicles (EVs) generated by multicellular organisms. Central to the biogenesis, content, and function of EVs are their delimiting lipid bilayer membranes. To evaluate research progress on membranes and EVs, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) conducted a workshop in March 2018 in Baltimore, Maryland, USA, bringing together key opinion leaders and hands-on researchers who were selected on the basis of submitted applications. The workshop was accompanied by two scientific surveys and covered four broad topics: EV biogenesis and release; EV uptake and fusion; technologies and strategies used to study EV membranes; and EV transfer and functional assays. In this ISEV position paper, we synthesize the results of the workshop and the related surveys to outline important outstanding questions about EV membranes and describe areas of consensus. The workshop discussions and survey responses reveal that while much progress has been made in the field, there are still several concepts that divide opinion. Good consensus exists in some areas, including particular aspects of EV biogenesis, uptake and downstream signalling. Areas with little to no consensus include EV storage and stability, as well as whether and how EVs fuse with target cells. Further research is needed in these key areas, as a better understanding of membrane biology will contribute substantially towards advancing the field of extracellular vesicles.
KW - biogenesis
KW - Exosomes
KW - Extracellular vesicles
KW - fusion
KW - ISEV workshop
KW - membranes
KW - position paper
KW - technology
KW - uptake
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85074997290&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1080/20013078.2019.1684862
DO - 10.1080/20013078.2019.1684862
M3 - Article
C2 - 31762963
AN - SCOPUS:85074997290
SN - 2001-3078
VL - 8
JO - Journal of Extracellular Vesicles
JF - Journal of Extracellular Vesicles
IS - 1
M1 - 1684862
ER -