TY - JOUR
T1 - Association Between Ultra-Processed Food Intake and All-Cause Mortality
T2 - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
AU - Taneri, Petek Eylul
AU - Wehrli, Faina
AU - Roa-Díaz, Zayne M.
AU - Itodo, Oche Adam
AU - Salvador, Dante
AU - Raeisi-Dehkordi, Hamidreza
AU - Bally, Lia
AU - Minder, Beatrice
AU - Kiefte-De Jong, Jessica C.
AU - Laine, Jessica E.
AU - Bano, Arjola
AU - Glisic, Marija
AU - Muka, Taulant
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Author(s).
PY - 2022/7/1
Y1 - 2022/7/1
N2 - Consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) has increased worldwide during the last decades because they are hyperpalatable, cheap, and ready-to-consume products. However, uncertainty exists about their impact on health. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the association of UPF consumption with all-cause mortality risk. Five bibliographic databases were searched for relevant studies. Random effects models were used to calculate pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Of 6,951 unique citations, 40 unique prospective cohort studies comprising 5,750,133 individuals were included; publication dates ranged from 1984 to 2021. Compared with low consumption, highest consumption of UPF (RR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.42), sugar-sweetened beverages (RR = 1.11, 95% CI, 1.04, 1.18), artificially sweetened beverages (RR = 1.14, 95% CI, 1.05, 1.22), and processed meat/red meat (RR = 1.15, 95% CI, 1.10, 1.21) were significantly associated with increased risk of mortality. However, breakfast cereals were associated with a lower mortality risk (RR = 0.85, 95% CI, 0.79, 0.92). This meta-analysis suggests that high consumption of UPF, sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, processed meat, and processed red meat might increase all-cause mortality, while breakfast cereals might decrease it. Future studies are needed to address lack of standardized methods in UPF categorization.
AB - Consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) has increased worldwide during the last decades because they are hyperpalatable, cheap, and ready-to-consume products. However, uncertainty exists about their impact on health. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the association of UPF consumption with all-cause mortality risk. Five bibliographic databases were searched for relevant studies. Random effects models were used to calculate pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Of 6,951 unique citations, 40 unique prospective cohort studies comprising 5,750,133 individuals were included; publication dates ranged from 1984 to 2021. Compared with low consumption, highest consumption of UPF (RR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.42), sugar-sweetened beverages (RR = 1.11, 95% CI, 1.04, 1.18), artificially sweetened beverages (RR = 1.14, 95% CI, 1.05, 1.22), and processed meat/red meat (RR = 1.15, 95% CI, 1.10, 1.21) were significantly associated with increased risk of mortality. However, breakfast cereals were associated with a lower mortality risk (RR = 0.85, 95% CI, 0.79, 0.92). This meta-analysis suggests that high consumption of UPF, sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, processed meat, and processed red meat might increase all-cause mortality, while breakfast cereals might decrease it. Future studies are needed to address lack of standardized methods in UPF categorization.
KW - all-cause mortality
KW - artificially sweetened beverages
KW - breakfast cereals
KW - processed meat
KW - sugar-sweetened beverages
KW - ultra-processed foods
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85131948902&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/aje/kwac039
DO - 10.1093/aje/kwac039
M3 - Review article
C2 - 35231930
AN - SCOPUS:85131948902
SN - 0002-9262
VL - 191
SP - 1323
EP - 1335
JO - American Journal of Epidemiology
JF - American Journal of Epidemiology
IS - 7
ER -