TY - JOUR
T1 - Approaches to surface engineering of extracellular vesicles
AU - Richter, Maximilian
AU - Vader, Pieter
AU - Fuhrmann, Gregor
N1 - Funding Information:
G.F. acknowledges funding from the Federal Ministry of Research and Education (NanoMatFutur grant, 13XP5029A). M.R. acknowledges funding from Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes (German Academic Scholarship Foundation) through a Ph.D. fellowship. P.V. acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council (ERC) (Starting Grant, # 851936). Figs. 1 and 2 were partially created using Biorender.
Funding Information:
G.F. acknowledges funding from the Federal Ministry of Research and Education (NanoMatFutur grant, 13XP5029A). M.R. acknowledges funding from Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes (German Academic Scholarship Foundation) through a Ph.D. fellowship. P.V. acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council (ERC) (Starting Grant, # 851936). Figs. 1 and 2 were partially created using Biorender. P.V. serves on the scientific advisory board of Evox Therapeutics.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier B.V.
Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/6
Y1 - 2021/6
N2 - Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nanoparticles that are important mediators in intercellular communication. This function makes them auspicious candidates for therapeutic and drug-delivery applications. Among EVs, mammalian cell derived EVs and outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) produced by gram-negative bacteria are the most investigated candidates for pharmaceutical applications. To further optimize their performance and to utilize their natural abilities, researchers have strived to equip EVs with new moieties on their surface while preserving the integrity of the vesicles. The aim of this review is to give a comprehensive overview of techniques that can be used to introduce these moieties to the vesicle surface. Approaches can be classified in regards to whether they take place before or after the isolation of EVs. The producing cells can be subjected to genetic manipulation or metabolic engineering to produce surface modified vesicles or EVs are engineered after their isolation by physical or chemical means. Here, the advantages and disadvantages of these processes and their applicability for the development of EVs as therapeutic agents are discussed.
AB - Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nanoparticles that are important mediators in intercellular communication. This function makes them auspicious candidates for therapeutic and drug-delivery applications. Among EVs, mammalian cell derived EVs and outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) produced by gram-negative bacteria are the most investigated candidates for pharmaceutical applications. To further optimize their performance and to utilize their natural abilities, researchers have strived to equip EVs with new moieties on their surface while preserving the integrity of the vesicles. The aim of this review is to give a comprehensive overview of techniques that can be used to introduce these moieties to the vesicle surface. Approaches can be classified in regards to whether they take place before or after the isolation of EVs. The producing cells can be subjected to genetic manipulation or metabolic engineering to produce surface modified vesicles or EVs are engineered after their isolation by physical or chemical means. Here, the advantages and disadvantages of these processes and their applicability for the development of EVs as therapeutic agents are discussed.
KW - Drug delivery
KW - Exosomes
KW - Extracellular vesicles
KW - Fluorescent labeling
KW - Outer membrane vesicles
KW - Surface functionalization
KW - Targeting
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85104488207&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.addr.2021.03.020
DO - 10.1016/j.addr.2021.03.020
M3 - Review article
C2 - 33831479
AN - SCOPUS:85104488207
SN - 0169-409X
VL - 173
SP - 416
EP - 426
JO - Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
JF - Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
ER -