Applicability of epithelial models in protein permeability/transport studies and food allergy

Measurement of protein transport across the intestinal barrier might be a relevant approach in allergenicity risk assessment. Traditionally, studies on protein transport, were performed using stable cell lines cultured as a monolayer. One of the major advantages of these models is their relatively low price and easy handling. However, monolayers lack a physiologically relevant environment (presence of other cell-types and a mucus layer), which may have an effect on transport characteristics and thus correct prediction of protein allergenicity. This paper summarizes the most widely used epithelial models and discusses their benefits and limitations for measuring protein transport and allergic sensitization to food.