TY - JOUR
T1 - A tale of gastric layering and sieving
T2 - Gastric emptying of a liquid meal with water blended in or consumed separately
AU - Camps, Guido
AU - Mars, Monica
AU - de Graaf, Cees
AU - Smeets, Paul A M
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2017/7/1
Y1 - 2017/7/1
N2 - Background The process of gastric emptying determines how fast gastric content is delivered to the small intestine. It has been shown that solids empty slower than liquids and that a blended soup empties slower than the same soup as broth and chunks, due to the liquid fraction emptying more quickly. This process of ‘gastric sieving’ has not been investigated for liquid foods. Objective To determine whether gastric sieving of water can also occur for liquid foods. Method Two groups of men participated in a parallel design (n = 15, age 22.6 ± 2.4 y, BMI 22.6 ± 1.8 kg/m
2, and n = 19, age 22.2 ± 2.5 y, BMI 21.8 ± 1.5 kg/m
2) and consumed an isocaloric shake (2093 kJ, CARBOHYDRATES: 71 g, FAT: 18 g, PROTEIN: 34 g), either in a 500-mL version (MIXED) or as a 150-mL shake followed by 350 mL water (SEPARATE). Participants provided appetite ratings and were scanned using MRI to determine gastric emptying rate and volume at three time-points within 35 min post ingestion. Results Gastric emptying the percentage emptied in 35 min was significantly smaller for MIXED (29 ± 19%) than for SEPARATE (57 ± 11%, p < 0.001). Conclusion In the present study we show that gastric sieving can occur for liquid foods; water is able to drain from the stomach while a layer of nutrient rich liquid is retained. In indirect gastric emptying measurements, the behavior of labelling agents may be affected by the layering and confound emptying measurements.
AB - Background The process of gastric emptying determines how fast gastric content is delivered to the small intestine. It has been shown that solids empty slower than liquids and that a blended soup empties slower than the same soup as broth and chunks, due to the liquid fraction emptying more quickly. This process of ‘gastric sieving’ has not been investigated for liquid foods. Objective To determine whether gastric sieving of water can also occur for liquid foods. Method Two groups of men participated in a parallel design (n = 15, age 22.6 ± 2.4 y, BMI 22.6 ± 1.8 kg/m
2, and n = 19, age 22.2 ± 2.5 y, BMI 21.8 ± 1.5 kg/m
2) and consumed an isocaloric shake (2093 kJ, CARBOHYDRATES: 71 g, FAT: 18 g, PROTEIN: 34 g), either in a 500-mL version (MIXED) or as a 150-mL shake followed by 350 mL water (SEPARATE). Participants provided appetite ratings and were scanned using MRI to determine gastric emptying rate and volume at three time-points within 35 min post ingestion. Results Gastric emptying the percentage emptied in 35 min was significantly smaller for MIXED (29 ± 19%) than for SEPARATE (57 ± 11%, p < 0.001). Conclusion In the present study we show that gastric sieving can occur for liquid foods; water is able to drain from the stomach while a layer of nutrient rich liquid is retained. In indirect gastric emptying measurements, the behavior of labelling agents may be affected by the layering and confound emptying measurements.
KW - Gastric emptying
KW - Liquid meal
KW - MRI
KW - Water
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85017095828&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.03.029
DO - 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.03.029
M3 - Article
C2 - 28343939
SN - 0031-9384
VL - 176
SP - 26
EP - 30
JO - Physiology & Behavior
JF - Physiology & Behavior
ER -